Which vitamin deficiency is most commonly linked to white muscle disease in young cattle?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin E

Answer: (D)

White muscle disease in young cattle is tightly linked to a deficiency in an antioxidant vitamin that protects muscle cell membranes from oxidative damage. Vitamin E serves this protective role, helping to neutralize free radicals that can damage muscle fibers. When Vitamin E intake is insufficient (often alongside selenium deficiency), oxidative injury accumulates in developing muscles, leading to muscle fiber necrosis and the pale, stiff appearance characteristic of the disease. Prevention revolves around ensuring adequate Vitamin E (and selenium) through diet or injections, especially during late gestation and early life. The other vitamins listed don’t have a direct, primary connection to this condition: Vitamin A supports vision and epithelial health, Vitamin D governs calcium and bone metabolism, and Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.